Linking circuits with amplifying properties for use in communication systems



2 Sheets-Sheet 1 E. PrAcNlK LINKING CIRCUITS WITH AMPLIFYING PROPERTIESFig.2

Ey Gy FOR USE IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Gal F ig.1

Nov. 3, 1964 Filed Jan. 15, 1962 Ey ly Nov. 3, 1964 E PTAcNlK 3,155,835

LINKING CIRCUITS .WITH AMPLIFYING PROPERTIES FOR USE IN COMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS f. f' Umted States Patent O ce w EEES ludik USE lllslQMMUNiCATlN SllTEMS Edmund Ptacnilr, Munich, Germany, assigner toSiemens da l-lalslte Aktiengesellschaft Berlin Munich, a Germancorporation Filed lian. l5, l9e2, Ser. No. ledlll Claims priority,application Germany Een. 2d, i963. l Claims. (l. Sill-83) The inventiondisclosed herein relates to circuits for processing communications whichare supplied in the form or" binary signals, and is particularlyconcerned with linking circuits with amplifying properties, for linkingtwo or more binary signals to produce a resultant binary signal,comprising repeater means including a plurality of windings, suchrepeater means requiring, for the linking operation, triggering merelywithin the linear part of the magnetizing curve of the core material.

rl`he binary communication signals can assume two different values whichare frequently indicated by the letters and L. The processing leads to alinking of the various supplied signals, such linking resulting likewisein binary signals, thus accountin.'7 for the expression linking circuitswhich is being used herein.

Linking circuits having precisely deined linking functions are, forexample, designated as 0r-gate circuits, Andgate circuits, blocking gatecircuits, etc. Diverse embodiments of such linking circuits are known,employing different circuit elements.

rl`he linking circuits may also diiler insofar as the mode of operationthereof is concerned. Thus, there are linking circuits known whichsupply the resultant signal for the duration of the entire intervalduring which the signals to be linked are present. These are thestatically operating linking circuits which are constructed, forexample, with the aid of resistors and rectiliers.

However, linking circuits may also be operated impulsewise instead ofstatically. ln such cases, the signal indicating results of the linking,the resultant signal, is epresented by one more or less short impulse orby the omission of such impulse.

Linking circuits of this kind are often constructed with the aid ofrepeaters, usually ernployiny ring cores having windings consisting of afew turns. rEhe core of such a repeater is in the pertinent knowncircuits primarily made of a ferromagnetic material with rectangularmagnetizing loop, utilizing the two remanence points of the magnetizingloop for characterizing the two conditions of binary signals. Referencemay be made for additional information, to the article entitledMagnetische Schaltkreise zur Darstellung logischer Verknueptungen(li/lagnetic Circuits for Representing Logic Linkings) by H. Gilnert,Darmstadt (Announcement from the Institute for Practical Mathematics(lPli/l) of the Technical College, Darmstadt, Prot. Dr. A. Walther),published in Nachrich- 1 tentechnische Zeitschrift (NTZ) 1957, pages 391to 402,

publisher Friedrich Vieweg and Son, Braunschweig, Burgplatz 1, Germany.This applies particularly also for the resultant signal which representsthe result of the linking of supplied signals, such resultant signalbeing at the desired instant delivered by the linking circuit responsiveto a readout impulse. A plurality of repeaters with a plurality oiwindings have to be provided and circuited in deiinite manner so as tocarry out a more complicated linkinfy of a greater number of signals.

impulse-wise operated linking circuits having repeaters are also known,wherein the remanence of ferromagnetic material is not utilized.Accordingly, such linking circuits permit utilization of repeatershaving cores with largely linear magnetizing curve. The linking functionis in such circuits etlected in a physically different fashion,

making use of other effects occuring in repeaters. lt is for exampleknown (see the Swiss Patent No. 331,029) to construct a gate circuitwith the aid of a repeater having two windings, requiring the triggeringof only the linear part oi the magnetizing curve. Ahead of one end ofthe primary windinfY of the repeater is disposed a rectier to which issupplied a voltage for passage therethrough or else a voltage thepassage of which is blocked, thus causing impulses conducted to theother end of the primary winding to etlect or not to el'lect a currentllow. Accordingly, the secondary winding of the repeater' will or willnot give olf impulses. What is utilized here is the property ofrepeaters or transformers to transmit an impulse conducted to onewinding to another winding, from which the impulse is given oil for theresultant signal. The power expanded upon giving off or delivering thisirnpulse be supplied by the signal which is to be processed.Accordingly, this linking circuit does not have the property ofeffecting amplication of the supplied signals,

lt is moreover also known to alter the impedance of a repeater with theaid of a winding which may or may not be selectively short circuited,for the purpose of extending a supplied impulse over one or anotheroutput terminal of the repeater. As shown in the Geri-nan Auslegeschrift(German Printed Publication) No. 1,083,579, entitled Logic SwitchingElement (applicant, Sperry Rand Corp. New York, NY., tiled August 16,i956, laid out for publication lune l5, 1960), the repeater of thislinking circuit is provided with three windings. To the primary windingis conducted the impulse which is with low impedance of the repeaterextended further over such winding, the low impedance or" the repeaterbeing achieved by short circuiting a secondary Winding. When thissecondary winding is not short circuited, the impulse will be extendedover a tertiary winding, Accordingly, the repeater or transformerproperty and the inductance of the repeater are utilized for bringingabout the desired operations.

The linking function which is present in connection with this circuitarrangement can be coinprehended, for example, as the function of anAnd-gate circuit. Only when a signal is conducted to one end of theprimary winding and when the secondary winding, is at the same timeshortcircuited responsive to a further signal, will an impulse for theresultant signal be delivered at the other end ot the primary winding.The power required for the resultant signal again depends upon thesupplied signal. Accordingly, no amplification of the supplied signalsis effected by the o eration of tln's linking circuit.

Different signals in the form of signal currents 0ccurring in thetransmission of communications are evaluated with the aid of anotherknown circuit arrangement (see German Patent No. 1,055,060) which isconstructed with the use of a repeater. The various signals appear upona definite line, causing signal currents of different strength to flowin a winding of the repeater. Over a second winding is at the same timeconducted a comparison current oi invariable, that is, of constantstrength. The currents produce jointly a magnetic lux in the reeater,such resulting magnetic ilux having one or another direction dependingupon the strength of the signal current. Accordingly, upon switching inor disconnection of the noted currents, there will be produced in athird winding an impulse of negative or positive polarity, the polarityof such impulse indicating Whether the signal current is below or abovea given strength.

While different communications in the form of binary signals areprocessed with the aid of a linking circuit such as initially explained,so as to produce a binary resultant signal derived therefrom, only asingle signal is in the above described circuit supplied at any onetime, which signal is to be tested, whereby a binary signal is given olfas a result of such testing. The operation resides basically in a binaryquantizing of a previously unstaged signal with the aid of a comparisoncircuit. A linking of a plurality of independent and different,simultaneously occurring binary signals, is not affected. lt must beconsidered in this connection that the current which is in a given caselconducted to the second winding has always the same strength andtherefore does not correspond to a binary signal. This comparisoncircuit therefore does not represent a linking circuit in the senseherein ap Moreover, the power of the delivered resultant signal is againsupplied by the signal which is extended to the circuit, and the circuitlikewise does not have any amplification properties.

It is, however, in large capacity communication processing systemsdesirable to employ linking circuits which affect in addition to thelinking also an amplification of the signals7 so as to make it possibleto evaluate signals which are supplied with low power. Upon usingrepeaters as components for such linking circuits, there will be gainedthe advantage that an electrical separation `can be effected betweencircuits over which are supplie the signals which are to be linked, andthe circuits over which are delivered the resultant signals. Theinsertion of the linking circuits between the individual parts of thecornmunication or message processing apparatus is thereby considerablyfacilitated. lt was also found that the resultant signals can beextraordinarily rapidly obtained, for example, in fractions ofmicroseconds, upon using repeaters with utilization of the linearportion of the magnetizing curve of the core material thereof.

The present invention shows a way of constructing a linking circuit withamplifier properties, for carrying out linkings between two or morebinary signals, for the production f a binary resultant signal, with theaid of a repeater having a plurality of windings, such repeaterrequiring for the linking operation a triggering merely in the linearpart of the magnetizing curve of the core material. To the linkingcircuit according to the invention is conducted a reading impulse whichsupplies the power for the resultant signal signifying the linkingresult, such resultant signal being represented by the appearance ornon-appearance of an output impulse, the reading impulse beingdistributed over input windings of the repeater, the winding sense andnumber of turns of the windings being selected in accordance with thedesired linking function, the cu ent flow in said windings, except ifdesired in one winding, serving as input comparison winding, beingblocked or operatively effected in accordance with the binary value ofthe signals to be linked, so as to produce in a given case, dependingupon the binary value of the supplied signal, an output signal belongingto the resultant signal in at least one output winding providedtherefor.

The remanence of the magnetic core material is not relied upon since thelinking circuit according to the invention utilizes only the linear partof the magnetiaing curve. lt is accordingly unnecessary to provide forthe course of the linking functions special restoring pulses forobtaining prior to a linking of signals a predetermined initialcondition of the core material.

inasmuch as the rernanence of the magnetic core material is notemployed, it is likewise unnecessary to trigger the magnetizing curve upto its remanence points. The trigger-ing of the magnetizing curve isaccordingly always very quickly concluded, thus making it possible tooperate the linking circuits according to the invention with very highspeed. Owing to the resulting greater altera-V tions of the magneticflux f it di there will be obtained, even'upon using small ring coreswith but a few windings or only one winding, voltages in the outputwindings which can be well evaluated.

eases CTI All these advantages make it possible to use the linkingcircuits according to the invention in most varied manner.

The invention will now be described more in detail with reference to theaccompanying drawings showing a great number of embodiments of linkingcircuits employing the various features thereof.

FlG. l shows an arrangement intended to explain the very particularmethod of circuit representation which is being employed;

FlC-S. 2 to 9 illustrate linking circuits for respectively linking twobinary sinals;

lFllG. ll) represents an example to indicate how windings can be savedin given conditions;

FlGS. ll and l2 show two examples for the additional use, in connectionwith such linking circuits, of gate circuits cornprising rectiiers;

HCS. 13 to lo illustrate examples of linking circuits according to theinvention, adapted to process more than two binary signals andadditionally utilizing gate circuits comprising rectifiers;

PEG. 17 indicates a further example of a linking circuit `for processingmore than two binary signals;

FIG. 18 represents an example of an arrangement employing a plurality oflinking circuits according to the invention;

i9 shows among other an inversion circuitadapted for inverting resultantsignals; and

lFiG. 2G illustrates an example of utilizing the repeater employed ingiven cases for the ,further amplification of resultant signals by meansof feedback-coupled amplifying systems.

The method of circuit representation will now be explained with the aidof FIG. l, reference being also made in this connection to Proceedingsof the IRE, May 1955, page 572 et seq.

ln FlG. l, the core of the repeater is represented by the prominentlydrawn vertically extending line. This vertical line is perpendicularlycrossed by horizontally extending lines l, ll, lll, each such lineindicating a winding. The sense of direction of the respective windingsis indicated by diagonal lines, Windings marked by parallel extendingdiagonal lines are wound inl identical sense of direction, and windingsmarked 'oy oppositely slanted diagonal lines are wound in opposite senseof direction. The diagonal lines also permit determination of thepolarity of an impulse induced into the respective winding. For example,when the positive impulse z' indicated in HG. l, is conducted to thewinding l, a voltage is in known manner induced in such winding, thepolarity of which is opposed to the voltage which is produced by thecurrent impulse z'. A voltage with such polarity is also induced inother windings which are wound in the same sense of direction as thewinding I, winding lll being such other winding as indicated by thediagonal line thereof which slants in a direction parallel to thediagonal line of the winding l. The appearance of these induced voltagesis indicated by arrows e pointing to the right. Assuming the winding lllto be connected in a closed circuit, a current impulse will flow in thedirection indicated by the arrow. The winding ll, as indicated by thediagonal line crossing it, is wound in a sense of direction opposite tothat of the windings l and llL-and the arrow e therefore points inopposite direction, to the left. T he diagonal lines which indicate thesense of direction of winding of the respective windings can also becomprehended as mir- V rors for the directions of the respectiveelectrical values.

de all and which induces a voltage in a winding,ris then oppo-` annessesitely oriented. Upon mirroring this direction at the diagonal line of agiven winding7 there will be obtained the polarity of the voltageimpulse induced thereinto and also the direction of the impulse currentthat may be flowing therethrough. These mirrorings are indicated in FIG.1 by broken lines and by arrows marked by the designations discussed.

rIhe arrangement shown in FIG. 2 will now be explained in detail, as thefirst example of a linking circuit according to the present invention.

Referring to FlG. 2, the core M of the repeater of such linking circuitis provided with four windings. The windings I, Il, lll are inputwindings. The current ilow in the input windings l and Il is in themeasure of the binary value of the two supplied signals either blockedor permitted. To the input winding Ill is conducted a comparison pulsewhich is independent of the signals, and such winding will hereinafterbe referred to as input comparison winding. The current ow in suchwinding is accordingly independent of the binary signals which are to belinked. In addition to the input windings, there is also provided anoutput winding IV in which is produced in given cases, in a manner to bepresently explained, an output pulse belonging to the resultant signal.One end of the winding lV is connected to ground and the other endextends to the terminal A at which the output pulse is given oil. Oneend of the input winding Ill is likewise connected to ground and theother end thereof is extended to the terminal E to which is conductedthe readout pulse, the latter being also conducted to the input windingsI and Il. At the end-s of these input windings which face away from theterminal E, the current i'lowing thereover is aiected in accordance withthe value of the binary signals which are to be processed. This may beeffected, for example, by means of contacts which may be insertedbetween ground and the correspending ends of the input windings, suchcontacts being either closed or open, thus malc'ng the current floweither possible or blocking it. However, such contacts always have acertain inertia which noticeably limits the speed `of operation of thelinking circuit.

ln order to avoid this limitation, the current flow in the concernedinput windings is affected in diiierent manner. 'Ihe `two Values O and Lof the binary signals which are to be processed are represented by thenon-appearance or by the appearance of a positive signal voltage whichis at least as high as the positive voltage which produces the readoutpulse. One of the binary signals shall be designated by x and thevoltage that may be related thereto by Ex. The other binary signalsshall be designated lby y and the voltage that may be in a given caserelated thereto shall be designated by Ey. In order to permitutilization of this voltage directly for ailecting t le current flow,there are provided rectiliers Gx and Gy which are disposed in serieswith respective input windings, such rectiers being polarized so thatthey may provide a blocking action by the eliect of the voltage Ex andEy. When this happens7 the current ilow through the input windings I andIl will be blocked. However, in the absence of the voltages Ex and Ey,current will, responsive to the appearance of the readout pulse, alsolow over these input windings. The circuit may tor example be closedover the voltage sources for the voltages Ex and Ey or, as indicated inFIG. 2, over the capacitors Cx and Cy which are connected with therectiiiers Gx and Gy, and which are adapted to pass suhciently shortimpulses.

As shown in FIG. 2, the voltages Ex and Ey are extended over theresistors Rx and Ry. The strength of the current appearing, responsiveto the connection of a readout pulse, in the various input windings, isdetermined either by the inherent resistance of the respective resistorsor may depend upon the number of turns of the windings, or may belimited by resistors such as Rl., R2, R3 which are individuallyconnected ahead of the respective input windings. These resistors aredhnensioned so that they provide for equal current strength in the threeinput windings. The input windings also have the same number of turns,but are not wound in the same sense of direction. As indicated by thediagonal crossing lines, the input windings l and ll are wound inopposite sense of direction. The winding lil is wound in a sense ofdirection corresponding to that of one of the input windings while beingopposite to that of the other input winding. The link-in functionresulting in this arrangement is deterby the different sense ofdirection of the input windings which have the same number of turns. Thepeculiarity of this linking function will appear from a consideration ofdifferent operating conditions.

A linking circuit serving for the linking of two binary signals has asis known four different operating conditions, since the two signals xand y, extended thereto, may have the value O, O; L, 0; O, L; or L, L.

In case both of the signals x and y have the value 0, the voltages Exand Ey will be absent. The readout pulse is therefore distributed inequal parts over all three input windings l, il and lll. r,The magneticetlect of the current flowing during the readout pulse through thewindings I and il is thereby compensated. The part of the readout pulsellowing through the winding lll produces in the outputwinding lV anoutput impulse which appears at the terminal A as a voltage impulse, orwhich can be taken or" at such terminal as a current impulse, it thereis a circuit of which the winding lV is a part.

in case the supplied signal x has the value L and the supplied signal yhas the value O, that is, when only the voltage Ex is conducted to thelinking circuit, the winding l will be blocked against current how andthe readout pulse will be symmetrically distributed to the inputwindings Il and lll. These windings are wound in opposite sense ofdirection. Accordingly, the two partial currents or" the readout pulsewill compensate or cancel each other, and no output pulse will heproduced in the output winding lV.

ln the event that the supplied signal x has the value O while the signaly has the value L, that is, that only voltage Ey is extended to thelinking circuit, the winding Il will be blocked against current ilow.rl`he readout impulse will in such case affect both input windings, andsince these windings are wound in the same sense of direction, therewill be produced an output impulse in the winding lV.

in case both the supplied signals x and y have the value L, the voltagesEx and ly will be placed on the the rectiners of the input windings land il and these input windings will accordingly be blocked againstcurrent flow. The readout impulse will produce a current flow only in`the winding lll', resulting in the appearance of an output ini ulse inthe winding lV.

lt v--- ce seen from the foregoing explanations that an output impulsewill be produced whenever the signal x has the value O or the signal ythe value L or when these two conditions are simultaneously present,`that is, when the signal x has the value G and the signal y the valueL.

Upon reversing the sense of direction of the windings l and ll, therewill be produced an analogous linking circuit in which the role of thebinary values O and L are exchanged with respect to the signals x and y.An output impulse is in such case delivered when the signal x has thevalue L or when the signal y has the value O or when both conditions arepresent, that is, when the signal x has the value L while the signal yhas the value G.

Another example of a linking circuit according to the invention is shownin FlG. 3. As in the previously described circuit, rectiiiers are againconnected ahead of the input windings l and il which are affected by thesignals which are to be linke ri`hese rectiers are again marked by Gxand Gy. The voltages connected with these signals are designated by Exand Ey. identical designations are employed in connection with theremainin'J ligures. rthe circuit elements required for operativelyconnecting these voltages and for closing the circuits of Lhe readoutpulse have been omitted in the ligure. corresponding circuit as well asthe circuits figures can be completed or sucpieinented in spects, forexample, by entering in the respective u details such as they appear inconnection with the linking circuit illustrated in HG. 2.

To the rectiers Gx and Gy (LFlG. 3), which are disposed ahead of theinput windings l and il are in a given case extended the voltages Ex andlEy depending upon the values ot the supplied signals. An output signalwill in a given case appear in the winding lll ywhich serves as anoutput winding. ln this linking circuit, all three windings are wound inthe saine sense of direction. The input windings are mutuallysyrninetrical and these w ings therefore are, responsive to a readoutpuise .ap-,r Nd thereto in common, traversed by current of identicalstrength. Instead of employing individual resistors for limiting thereadout pulse for the respective windings, there is for this purposeprovided a coranto-n resistor l2..

Since this circuit also has to link two binary signals, four differentoperating conditions will appear in connection therewith. it will now beshown that the linking diiiers in this case troni that discussed withreference to FlG. 2.

Assuming that the signals x and y have value O, the rectillers Gx and Gyat the input windings l and ll will not be blocked by a voltageconnected thereto. Accordingly, when a readout pulse is conducted to thein put windings l and il, both these windings will be tra versed bycurrent resulting therefrom, and in he output winding lli will beproduced an output pulse.

When the signal x has the value L and the signal y the value O, thevoltage will be placed on the rectier Gx, thus blocking the current howthe input wind ne The readout pulse will accordinglyl llow through thwinding ll and an output pulse will consequently ai pea in the outputwinding lil.

ln the event that the x has the value O the signal y the value L, thevoltage Ey will be placed on the rectiiler Gy, thereby blocking thecurrent Flow through the input winding ll, the readout pulse ilowingonly through the input winding l. An output pulse will consequentlyagain appear in the output winding lll.

Finally, in case the signal x as well as the signal y nav the value L,Iboth input windings l and ll will be blockeagainst current flow and,consequently, no current can flow through the input windings responsiveto the readout pulse and no impulse will appear in the output win-.ringlll. An output impulse will `thus appear only in the other aboveexplained operating conditions.

The linking circuit shown in FlG. 3 therefore reaoresents an invertingAnd-gate circuit, sometimes also reierrcd to as Sheiers line.

The sense of winding direction of the output winding does not play anyparticular role in the two above described li it rnay however happenthat this winding has to be wound with a definite sense oi direction soas to obtain a desired linking function. A rectifier has to be disposedfor cooperation with the respective winding in such case so as to ellectgiving oli only impulses of dehnite oolarity appearing in such winding.lt may moreover happen that imnulses of ditferent polarities appear inthe 'output winding, which impulses have to be given oft regardless oithe `polarity thereoi. However, if it is desired that only impulses oithe saine polarity are given oil, such function may be obtained byproviding, instead or" one output winding, two output windings wound inopposed sense of direction and respeetively provided with identicallypoled rec^'ers which are connected tothe same output terminal. nTheresult of the provision 'oi output windings wound in si. table sense ofdirection and having rectiiiers cooperatively con nec-ted therewith is,that only output pulses are given oi corresponding to the desiredlinking function.

shown in the remaining .1 those Examples oi linking circuits will now berst explained, comprising resnectivelv only one output winding wound ina definite sense oi direction and having a rectifier c0- oneratingtherewith.

An exarnA le of such a linking circuit is illustrated in 4. Upon thecore of the repeater are provided two input windings l and ilrespectively cooperating with the rectiiiers Gx and Gy to which areconducted the signals x y which are to be linked, and also the inputcomparison winding lll. The input windings l and ll are wound a sense ofdirection opposite to that of the input comparison winding lll. Eachinput winding is individually provided with a resistor, shownrespectively at Rl, R2 and R3. These resistors effect symmetricaldistribution of the readout pulse to the various input windings. F[heoutput winding IV is cooperatively connected with the rectifier Ga; itssense of winding direction corresponds to thatof the input comparisonwinding lll. As in the previously explained embodiments, four difierentoperating conditions are again to be considered.

in the irst operating condition, the signals x and y -n are to belinked, have the value O. Accordingly, there will not be any blockingvoltage on the rectiliers Gx and G1 The magnetic effects of the currentstlowing over the input windings l and il are compensated since thesewindings hae opposing sense of direction. The current impulse flowingthrough the input winding il uws apnearauce oi a current impulse in theoutput winding lV. However, this current impulse, as can be readilyestablished by applying the rule explained in connection with FIG. l,has a polarity, such that it cannot drive a current over terminal Aowing to the action of the rectilier Ga. Accordingly, no output irnpulsewill be effected.

ln the second operating condition, the signal x will have the value Land the signal y the value O. Accordingly, at the rectifier Gx will bethe blocking voltage Ex. The current of the readout pulse will thereforebe distributed equally with respect to the input windings ll lll whichare wound in opposite sense of direction. Consequently, no outputimpulse will be produced in the output winding lV.

in the third operating condition, the signal x has the value O and thesignal y the value L. At the rectiier Gy will be the blocking voltageEy. The current of the readout pulse will again be distributed in equalparts to two input windings with opposite sense of winding direction,namely, to the windings l and ll, and no output pulse will be producedin the 'output winding lV.

ln case oi the fourth operating condition, both of the signals and ywill have the value L. Accordingly, there will be the blocking voltageEx on the rectier Gx and the The readout lll. ln such case, an impulseis induced in .the output winding lV, having a polarity such thatcurrent will flow through the rectier Ga in pass direction, as can be`readily established with the aid oi the rule supplied connection withlilG. l, such impulse acting as an outout irnrulse.

it will be seen frorn a consideration of the various operatingconditions that an output impulse is delivered nly when both ot thesignals x and y have the value L. the linking circuit is therefore anAnd-gate circuit.

5 shows a further example of a linking circuit in which is provided onlyone output circuit wound in definite sense of drectionand provided witha rectilier cc acted theret i. The construction of this linking circuidiffers from the one illustrated in FIG. 4 rnerely When the signals xand y have the value O, the current of the readout pulse will besymmetrically distributed over the input windings l, Il and ill. Themagnetic effect of the currents flowing in the input windings l and llis cancelled due to the fact thatthese windings are wound in oppositesense of direction. The current impulse conducted to the winding ilcauses appearance of an output impulse in the output winding IV. rl`l1ecurrent 'of such pulse can pass through the rectiiier Ga. Accordingly,an output pulse is given oilE in this case.

When the signal x has the value L and the signal y the value O, thecurrent ot the readout pulse will be symmetrically distributed over theinput windings ll and lll, since the winding l is blocked againstcurrent flow by the blocking voltage on the rectifier Gx. rl`he magneticeffect of the currents flowing through the input windings ll and Ill iscompensated by the opposite sense of direction of winding thereof and,consequently, no output impulse is given olli.

Likewise, for analogous reasons, no output impulse is delievered whenthe signal x equal O while the signal y equals L, since the readoutpulse is again symmetrically distributed over two windings, namely, thewindings l and lll which are wound in opposite sense of direction.

In case both signals x and y have the value L, the current liow of theblocking voltages Ex and Ey will be blocked in the input windings l andlI and the readout pulse will therefore cause a current ilow only in theinput winding lll. The voltage pulse produced in the output winding IVeifects the rectifier Ga in blocking direction and no output impulsewill consequently be delivered.

An output impulse is delivered by this linking circuit only when both ofthe signals x and y have the value O. The linking circuit thereforeoperates in the nature of a .so-called Nor-gate circuit.

FIG. 6 shows another example of a linking circui comprising a rectiercooperating with an output winding which has to be wound in a deiinitesense of direction.

The repeater core is in this case provided with two input windings l andil, which are wound in opposing ense of direction, and with an outputwinding lll. The resistors R1 and R2 serve for symmetricallydistributing the current of the readout pulse to the input windings Iand ll. An output pulse can be delivered by this linking circuit onlywhen the readout pulse is conducted only to the input winding l1. Thisis the case when the signal x has the value l and the signal y the valueO. No output pulse will be delivered by the output winding Ill in anyother operating condition, because there will not he produced thereinany impulse or else an impulse with unsuitable polarity.

This linking circuit therefore operates in the manner of a blocking gatecircuit, wherein the point at which is connected the signal x, that is,the input winding l, is the pass input, and the point at which isconnected the signal y, that is, the input winding ll, is the blockinginput. Upon reversing the sense of direction of the windings l and il orof the input comparison winding lll, there will be obtained, as will berecognized in view of the symmetry, a blocking gate circuit in which theinput winding l functions as the blocking input while the input windingil functions as the pass-through input.

The linking circuit represented in FlG. 7 corresponds to the one shownin FIG. 6 except that there are provided two output windings lll and iVwhich are wound in opposite sense of direction. These output windingsare over rectiliers Gal and Go2 connected with a common terminal A atwhich output signals are delivered in given cases. lt follows,therefore, that this linking circuit delivers an output signal just asthe linking circuit according to FIG. 6, when the signal x equal L andthe signal y equals O, and likewise delivers output signal during areadout impulse when the signal x equals O and the signal y equals L. Nooutput impulse is delivered in the case of the other two operatingconditions. This linking Cil Clt

s i@ circuit therefore represents an exclusive Or-gate circuit; insteadof providing the two output windings Ill and lV, of the linking circuitshown in FlG. 7, with rectiiiers, a single output winding withoutrectifier could be ernployed so as to obtain output pulses in therespective operating conditions. However, these output pulses would havedifferent polarity. Accordingly, the use of windings having delinitesense of winding direction and cooperating with rectihers, serves thepurpose of avoiding the appearances of output pulses having differentpolarity.

The Linking circuit shown in FlG. 8 likewise employs for this purposeoutput windings with deinite sense of winding direction and rectilierscooperating therewith. The repeater core is in this case provided withinput windings il, lll. The input comparison winding lll is wound inopposite sense of direction as compared with an input wnidings l and ll.Resistors Rl, R2, R3 are respectively disposed ahead of the inputwindings so as to secure symmetrical distribution of the current of thereadout impulses. A comparison of the linking circuit according to FIG.8 with the one shown in FIG. 4 will reveal obvious similarities, therebeing complete agreement so far as the input windings l, ll, lll as wellas the output winding lV are concerned. There is however provided asecond output winding V. The operation is such that an output impulse isdelivered at the common terminal A. whenever an impulse appears in theoutput windings. Accordingly, this linking circuit will not only deliveran output impulse when the signals x and y have the value L, as is thecase in the linking circuit according to FlG. 4, but also when thesignals x and y have the value O. No impulse will be delivered in thecase of the other operating conditions. rl`he corresponding linkingcircuit can 'oe designated as an equivalence gate circuit. It may bementioned here that the linking circuit shown in FIG. 4- will executethe same linking function when the rectier Ga is omitted; however, theoutput pulses will in such case have different polarities.

in the linking circuits so far described, the magnetic eiiect producedin the repeater core by the individual input windings, during a readoutpulse, is of the same strength. This is achieved by providing therespective input windings with the same number ot turns and passingtherethrough a current of identical strength. The current of the readoutpulse is thereby symmetrically distributed over the various inputwindings by the use of resistors of identical resistance cooperatingwith the respective windings. lt is possible, if found for some reasonnecessary or desirable, to provide instead windings with differentnumber of turns and resistors cooperating therewith having differentresistances corresponding to the number of turns of the respectivewindings, so as to compensate for the diierent number of turns whichotherwise would result in magnetic eiiects of diiierent magnitudes.However, it may also be necessary in connection with linl'- ingcircuits, to dimension the magnetic er'iects produced incident to thereadout by given input windings so as to be different as compared withthe magnetic eilects produced by other input windings of the samemagnetic core. Further linking functions, not yet mentioned, can beproduced in this manner. Accordingly, it is in connection with thewindings to be provided upon a repeater core necessary to provide forthe correct sense of winding direction as well as for the necessary ordesired number of turns of the windings. lt is of course understood thatit is possible to use resistors with different resistances and inputwindings with identical number of turns instead of windings withdifferent number of turns and resistors with identical resistance.

FIG. 9 shows a linking circuit in which the number of turns of the inputwindings or the magnitude ot the individual resistors plays an importantpart. In this example, there are employed resistors which differ onewith respect to the others. Upon the repeater core are provided threeinput windings which dii'ler from one another simply comprises the tworectiiiers and Gy which an Til merely by the sense o winding direction,the input winding lll being wound in a sense of direction opposite tothat of the input windings l and il. Resistors Rl and R2 with identicalresistance {lr} cooperate respectively with the input windings l and li,while a resistor R3 cooperates with the input comparison winding lll,which has only halt the resistance (Var) of any of the other tworesistors. The output winding IV is wound in the same sense of directionas the input comparison winding Ill. The structure corresponds to thatshown in Flr?. 4 except for the ditierent resistances of the resistorscooperating with the input windings. rthe provision of resistors withdiiierent resistances results in different linking function, thusshowing the iniluence of the magnitude of the resistances.

In a linking circuit according to FIG. 9, the magnetic ei'lect producedby a readout pulse over thc input Coinparison winding lll will obviouslybe twice as great as the magnetic effect produced by either one ot thetwo other input windings I or Il. Accordingly, when the signals x and yhave the value O, the magnetic ellects of the currents liowing throughthe windings will he cancelled owing to the opposite sense of directionof winding of the input comparison winding ll. No output impulse will beproduced, However, this cancellation eiiect will not occur when one otthe signals x or y has the value L or when both have such value, sinceone or both oi these input windings I and ll will be blocked againstcurrent ilow, and an output impulse will accordingly be produced in theoutput winding IV. This linking circuit therefore has the linkingfunction or" an Or-gate circuit.

The rectifier Ga disposed -for cooperation with the output winding IV of9, is so polarized that it does not affect the output pulses. Theadvantage resulting from the use of this rectilier resides in thepossibility of ernploying a resistor R3 with still lower resistance. Themagnetic effect produced by the action ol the input comparison windinglll will then with certainty exceed the magnetic effect produced jointlyby the two input windings l and ll. An impulse will then appear in theoutput winding IV when the signals x and y have the value O, but suchimpulse will be relatively weak and will have a polarity such as toproduce a blocking action of the rectifier Gn and, accordingly, suchimpulse will not act as an output impulse. The use of the rectiiier Gamakes it unnecesary to provide for accurate matching of the resistors inaccordance with the previously mentioned rule. The rectiher Ga has inthe linking circuit according to FIG. 9 likewise the purpose ofobtaining delivery of output impulses over the output winding IV only inaccordance with the desired linking function.

lt may be mentioned at this point that, upon dimensioning the resistorR3 exactly like the resistors lill and R2, the number of turns of thewinding Ill will have to be twice the number of turns as before. Theadvantage resulting from the use of the rectiiier Ga may be utilized bymaking the number of turns of the winding Ill more than twice that ofthe other windings.

It will in many cases be found advantageous to connect gate circuitsahead of the input windings upon which the readout impulse isdistributed, est ecially gate circuits constructed of rectiiers, overwhich the signals are extended which are to be linked. Various effectscan thereby be achieved; i'or example, savings can be effected so tar aswindings are concerned which are to be provided upon the repeater core.For an And-gate such as already described in detail with reference toHG. 4, there are required four windings. lt is now possible, without anyway changing the linking function, to omit one or" the two inputwindings, by disposing ahead of the remaining winding an And-gatecircuit to which are conducted binary signals which are to be linked.Such a linking circuit is represented in FIF. l0.

The And-gate circuit used for this purpose in FIG. l0

at any rate also included in the linking circuit acco cassa .Vi i toFIG, 4. A further expenditure so far as circuit elements are concernedis thus unnecessary. rthe current llow through the input winding l willbe blocked only when the signal x and also the signal y have the valueL, that is, when the voltages Ex and Ey are placed on the rectiliers Gxand Gy. Only in this case will an output impulse appear in the outputwinding lll and such in.- pulse will be delivered at the terminal A. Thearrangement therefore constitutes an And-gate circuit whichdistinguishes, as compared with simple And-gate circuits constructedwith the aid of rectifiers and resistors, by the advantage of providingfor an amplifying action. The rectifier Go is in connection with theheretofore considered function not absolutely required in the linkingcircuit according to PEG. l. However, its use makes it unnecessary,analogous as in connection with HG. 9, to effect an accurate matching ofthe magnetic effect produced by the action of the input windings I andil.

PEG, ll shows another example of a linking circuit wherein gate circuitsare disposed ahead of the input windings. T his linking circuitcomprises four windings I lV, corresponding in all respects to theNor-gate circuit described with reference to FlG. 5. ln suchlinkcircuit, an output impulse is delivered, as already explained, onlywhen the input windings l and Il are not blocked against current flow.However, And-gate circuits comprising rectiiiers are connected ahead ofthese input windings, that is, rectiers Gxi Gx?) are connected ahead ofthe input winding l and rectiliers Gyl GyS are connected ahead of theinput winding II. The current flow in the input winding I is blockedonly when the blocking voltage Ex is placed on all three rectiiiers Gxi{l/r3, and the input winding II is similarly blocked against currentiiow when blocking voltage Ey is placed on all three rectiers Gyji Gy.Six different signals can be linked with the aid of this circuit byrespectively placing or not placing the voltages Ex or Ey on therectiliers forming parts of the And-gate circuits.

FIG. l2 represents a linking circuit which corresponds to the oneillustrated in FIG. ll, having, however, a greater number ot inputwindings wherein the current flow is blocked or made possible, that is,wherein the current ow is controlled. Moreover, the And-gate circuitsdisposed ahead ot the respective input windings, comprise a greaternumber of rectitiers than the corresponding gate circuit provided inFIG. 1l. The linking circuit according to FIG. l2 thus constitutes anembodiment of a more general nature than the one discussed in connectionwith FIG. ll, therefore also having linking functions correspending tothose which are effected with the aid of the latter. The magnetic e'lectproduced responsive to the extension of a reading pulse to the inputcomparison winding, is to he matched to the condition resulting from thepresence of more than two input windings with controlled current flow.This matching is achieved by employing tor the input comparison windinga suitable number of turns. There are provided fz-input windings withcontrolled current flow, such windings having identical number of turnsand being indicated at l N. The input comparison winding N+1 has (fz-l)times the number of turns as compared with the other input windings. Thepeculiarity or this winding is indicated in FlG. l2 by the reference n-lapplied to the diagonal line denoting the respective input winding, suchline being represented in more prominent manner than the diagonal linesof the remaining input windings. Resistors ot identical magnitude areconnected with the respective input windings, such resistors beingindicated by Rl l Riz-Hi. lt follows, therefore, that an impulse will bedelivered at the terminal A ot this linking circuit, only responsive tocurrent flowin all input windings, which cur rent ow is controlled inaccordance with the signals extended thercto. The lin ing function othis arrangement thus corresponds, in tact, to that of the arrangementrepresented in l.

FIG. 13 indicates a further linking circuit having gate circuits,comprising rectiiiers, disposed ahead of the respective input windings.This circuit corresponds generally to the one already described withreference to FIG. 9 and also having individual resistors connected forcooperation with the input windings I, II and III. The resistor R3 hashowever exactly the same resistance as any ot' the resistors R1 and R2,while the resistance of the resistor R3 included in FIG. 9 is only halfof the resistance of the respective resistors Rl and R2. Instead ofproviding the resistor R3 with different resistance, as in FIG. 9, thedesired effect is in FIG. 13 obtained by providing the input winding IIIwith twice as many turns as any of the other two input windings. Inother words, the winding III has as many turns as all other inputwindings taken together. The peculiarity of this winding is indicated inFIG. 13 by the numeral 2 entered in connection with the diagonal linewhich denotes such winding and which is moreover shown more prominentlythan the remaining diagonal lines. This linking ch'cuit delivers,responsive to a reading pulse extended thereto, an output pulse when thecurrent how is blocked with respect to at least one of the inputwindings I and Il, thus providing for the linking function of an Or-gatecircuit. The blocking voltage or Ey, respectively, is for this purposeto be connected either to all rectiiiers Gxl Gx or to all rectitiers GylGy. The circuits formed respectively by the rectitiers Gxll GxS and GylGyi, thus constitute And-gate circuits.

Just as the circuit shown in FIG. 12 represents a geng eralization ofthe circuit according to FIG. l1, so does the circuit shown in FIG, 14represent a generalization of the circuit according to FIG. i3. Thereare provided, in FIG. 14, n-input windings I-N, and the input comparisonwinding therefore has N-l-l n-times as many turns as any other inputwinding I N. And-gate circuits cornprising a plurality of rectifiers arerespectively connected ahead of the individual input windings. Thefunction of this linking circuit corresponds completely to that of thelinking circuit shown in FIG. 13.

In the linking circuit shown in FIG. 15, gate circuits are likewiseconnected ahead of the n-input windings I N which are controlled bysignals. All input windings have the same number of turns. Except forthe gate circuits, this linking circuit corresponds completely to theone shown in FIG. 4 which represents an And-gate circuit for linking twobinary signals. However, the linking circuit shown in FIG. l5 is, asalready noted, provided with n-controlled input windings to which arecooperatively related rectiiiers Gil Gn which are in given cases placedin blocking condition by means of voltages eX- tended thereto. Only whenall these rectiers are in blocking condition, preventing current flowover the input windings I N during a readout pulse, will an output pulsebe delivered over the rectitier Ga connected with the output windingN-l-II. The resistors Rl Rn, serving for limiting the current in therespective input windings I N, are in this circuit disposed between therectiers Gl Gn and ground instead of between the terminal E and therespective input windings I N, thus making it possible to cooperativelyutilize these resistors for the function of the gate circuits which aredisposed ahead of the respective input windings. In the examplerepresented in FIG. l5, each of these resistors is combined withrectiers to form an Or-gate circuit. Thus, the resistor Rl forms withthe rectiers GII Gip, an Or-gate circuit. These rectiiers are poled in adirection opposite to that of the rectifier GI which is connected withthe input winding I. Upon connecting to one of the rectiers Gli Glp avoltage which is of a magnitude at least as great as the voltage of thereadout pulse, the rectifier Gl will be placed in blocking condition,and the current dow over the input winding I is therefore blocked duringthe readout pulse. Accordingly, it will suce in this case to place theblocking voltage on one ld of the rectitiers Gill Gip. A current pathextending over the resistor Rl will be open for the readout pulse whenthere is no blocking voltage on any of these rectiiiers. The rectiiiersGll Glp are by the readout pulse placed in blocking direction, thuspreventing the passage thereof. A correspondingly constructed Gr-gatecircuit comprising the rectiiiers Gul Gnq and the resistor Rn, isconnected ahead of the input winding N. Similar Or-gate circuits may beconnected ahead of the other, not illustrated input windings of thelinking circuit.

However, ahead or" these other input windings may also be disposedAnd-gate circuits such as are shown in connection with the linkingcircuits according to FIGS. 11 to 14. As a matter of fact, And-gatecircuits as well as 0rgate circuits, or other suitable gate circuits,may be disposed as desired, ahead of the respective input windings, inall linking circuits. Moreover, an additional gate circuit may beprovided in connection with the input comparison winding of a linkingcircuit. An example of this latter arrangement is shown in FIG. 16.

The linking circuit according to FIG. 16 corresponds to the onerepresented in FIG. l5 with the dierence that there is also provided anAnd-gate circuit built up of rectitiers, for cooperation with the inputcomparison winding N-l-I. Upon connecting to all the rectiiiers of thisadditional And-gate circuit a blocking voltage of given magnitude, therewill be no current ilow of the readout pulse in the input comparisonWinding N-l-I, thereby preventing delivery of an output pulse over theoutput winding N-l-II, since such output pulse can occur only when theinput comparison winding N -[l is during a readout pulse traversed bycurrent. Accordingly, the delivery of output pulse can likewise beblocked by the action of the rectiiers of this And-gate circuit.

FIG. 17 indicates a linking circuit which delivers an output pulse onlywhen m-signals of n-supplied signals have a given identical value, thenumber m being thereby of course smaller than the number n. Thisidentical value is in this case the value O, at which no voltage isconnected to the respective input windings of the linking circuit. Sincen signals are conducted to the linking circuit, such circuit comprises ncontrolled input windings, which are in FIG. 17 indicated by I N, onlythe first and the last such input windings being shown, and suchwindings having the same number of turns and winding direction. Disposedahead of the respective windings are identical resistors such asindicated at Rl and Rn and also rectiers such as indicated at Gil Gn.The input comparison winding N-l-l is moreover provided with theresistor Rn-i-l, which is connected ahead thereof and which is of amagnitude corresponding to that of any one of the resistors Ril Rn. Theinput comparison winding N-l-il is wound in a sense of directionopposite to that of the input windings I N, and its number of turns ism-times as great as the number of turns of the other input windings.

Assuming m-signals with the value O to occur during a readout pulse,there will not be any blocking voltage at the rectiiiers ofthe inputwindings I N, and current will low over these input windings during thereadout pulse, and current will also iiow over the input comparisonwinding N-l-I. This latter current will produce a magnetic effect whichis m-times that produced by the current ilowing over any of the otherinput windings. Moreover, owing to the fact that the input comparisonwinding is wound in a sense of direction opposite to that of the otherinput windings, the rrr-times magnetic action produced by the currentflowing therethrough will be opposed t0 the magnetic action produced bythe current flowing in the other input windings. The result is, that allthe magnetic actions or effects are compensated or cancelled, and thatno output pulse will be produced in this case of operation. Thiscompensation or cancelling eect oi the magnetic actions is absent in allother cases of operation, that is, in cases when more or fewer than 'iiim-signals have the value O, and output pulses will accordingly bedelivered in such other cases.

The linking circuit according to FIG. 17 is quite similar to the oneshown in FIG. 8 in which two signals are to be linked. No impulse isdelivered by the latter linking circuit only when one signal has thevalue O. instead ot providing only one output winding in FIG. 17, twosuch output windings with rectiiiers connected ahead thereof may beprovided in connection therewith, just as in` the case of the linkingcircuit shown in FlG. 8. ln such case, the circuit will deliver onlyoutput pulses of the same polarity instead of output pulses of differentpolarity.

lt may be noted at this point that the linking circuit according to FIG.17 is particularly adapted for the supervision of code signals in caseswherein a predetermined number of symbol elements must have identicalcondition to indicate correct code signals.

lt is possible to produce, with the aid of linking circuits according tothe invention, arrangements for the processing of groups of binarysignals. One group of binary signals may, for example, include signalscorresponding to the place values of a plural-place binary number. Eachplace value has in such case one of twodifferent values, namely,respectively one of the values O or L or 1. lt is in connection withequipment for processing communications sometimes necessary to compareplural-place binary numbers, one with respect to others, and to delivera particular resultant signal upon ascertaining that these numbers areidentical. Two groups of binary signals correspond in such a case to thetwo binary plural place numbers. These signals can be processed for thedesired purpose with the aid of a plurality of linking circuits, whereina readout pulse is extended symmetrically to two input windings wound inopposite sense of direction, and wherein the resultant signal isdelivered by two oppositely wound output windings over rectiiierscooperating therewith. An example of such a linking circuit has alreadybeen explained with reference to FlG. 7.

FlG. 18 shows an arrangement comprising a plurality of such linkingcircuits, adapted to process signals corresponding to two n-place binarynumbers. These signals form two groups allotted to the binary numbers.The two signals which correspond to the same places of the two binarynumbers are respectively conducted to the input windings of the samelinking circuit. The output windings of all linking circuits are overcorresponding rectiiiers connected in common to the terminal A. Asalready explained, an output pulse is delivered by the linking circuitsemployed, only when the two signals respectively extended thereto, arediilerent. However, in case the signals extended to the linking circuitsare identical, no output impulse will be delivered over the terminal A.This is the case when the two binary numbers are identical. Thearrangement thus functions in the desired manner.

The binary numbers which are to be compared can be supervised as to thepresence of given differences when connecting ahead of the inputwindings of the linking rcuits, inversion circuits which interchangetheV binary signals. Upon connecting to the output terminal A aninversion circuit which has to deliver the impulses indicated by thecomparison result, an impulse will be delivered at the instant when thebinary numbers which are being compared, are identical. This may also beprovided in connection with the linking circuit according to FlG. 17. ltis likewise possible to combine both kinds of inversion circuits so asto obtain a given desired mode of supervision. i

F16-19 shows an example of a particularly suitable inversion circuitwhich is adapted to change the value ot a binary resultant signaldelivered by a linking circuit. The linking circuit used in this casecorresponds to the one explained with reference to FlG. 7. lt comprisesthe repeater core M. The inversion circuit comprises the repeater coreMi provided with the input windings l and ll and the output winding Theinput winding is Cil connected to the terminal A oi the linking circuitand the input winding ll is connected to the terminal E over which thereadout pulse is extended to both repeaters. Resistors Ril and R2 aredisposed ahead of the input windings I and ll, such resistors beingdimensioned so that in a given case, the same magnetic eliects may beproduced by the impulses conducted to the input windings. However, thesetwo windings are wound in opposite sense of direction. Accordingly, whenan impulse is extended simultaneously to both of these input windings,the magnetic effects will be compensated and no impulse will be producedin the output Winding Ill. This is always the case when an output pulseis delivered at the terminal A, from the linking circuit having the coreM. However, when no such output impulse is delivered, there will appearin the output winding lll of the inversion circuit an impulse whichbecomes effective as an output pulse at the terminal Aa. The desiredoperation is thus obtained with the aid of the inversion circuit. Suchinversion circuit can be provided for cooperation with any of thelinking circuits. An accurate compensation of the magnetic eitectsproduced by the currents flowing over the output windings l and Il, asinthe linking circuit shown in FIG. l0, may be dispensed with uponproviding the output winding lll with the rectifier Gaza.

The use or a repeater, as an essential part of the linking circuitaccording to the invention, makes it possible to employ the circuit indefined manner for further amplification of the delivered output pulses.For this purpose, the output pulse delivered for the resultant signalfrom an output winding, is conducted to an amplifier system which iscircuited in feedback over an auxiliary winding of the repeater, toprovide a gain for the control electrode thereof. FlG. 20 indicates anexample of a linking circuit comprising such an amplifying system.

rlie linking circuit shown in FlG. 20 corresponds substantially to theone represented in FlG. 4, constituting an And-gate circuit. An n-p-ntransistor T, connected in emitter circuit, is utilized as theamplifying system, the base of the transistor being connected to theterminal A. The winding V serves as the auxiliary winding for thefeedback coupling, the collector of the transistor T being connectedwith such winding over the current limiting resistor Re'. The winding Vis wound in a sense of direction opposite to that of the output windingln normal condition, there is ground on the bese and on the emitter, andthe transistor is accordingly not conducting. Base-emitter current willflow when an output pulse appears at the terminal A, such current makingthe transistor conductive. Accordingly, current will also how over the'Feedback winding V, that is, from the terminal U to which is connecteda suitable voltage, over winding V, resistor R5, and thecollector-emitter path of the transistor "l to ground. During theascendance of this current is induced an additional impulse in theoutput winding lV which ampliiies the output pulse, thus causing thetransistor to become quickly fully conductive. rl-"he terminal aA whichis connected with the collector serves as the output terminal for theentire arrangement. In the normal condition, the same voltage as on theterminal U will be on the terminal aA, while ground will be on suchterminal [1A during the output pulse.

Changes may be made within the scope and spirit ot the appended claimswhich deiine what is believed to be new desired to have protected byLetters Patent.

l claim:

l. A linking circuit .with amplifying property, for carrying out linkingfunctions between two or more binary signals to eliect delivery oi abinary resultant signal, including a repeater having a core and aplurality of windings cooperatively disposed with respect thereto, saidrepeater requiring, for carrying out a linking function, triggeringmerely within the linear part oi' the magnetizing curve of the corem,r;erial thereof, comprising means for conducting to the linkingcircuit a readout impulse which supplies the power for the resultantsignal signifying the linking result, said resultant signal beingrepresented respectively by the appearance or by the absence or anoutput pulse, means for distributing said readout impulse over aplurality of input windings of the repeater, the sense of direction ofwinding and the number of turns of the respective input windings beingselected in accordance with the desired linking function, means forrespectively blocking or enabling passage of current over predeterminedinput windings in accordance with the binary value of the signals whichare to be linked, so as to produce in a given case, depending upon thebinary value of the signals conducted to the linking circuit, in atleast one output winding an output pulse forming the resultant signal.

2. A linking circuit according to claim l, comprising resistor means fordetermining the strength oi the current caused by the readout pulse inthe respective input windings, the magnitude of the resistance of saidresistor means being matched to the number of turns of the respectiveIinput windings.

3. A linking circuit according to claim 1, comprising rectifier meansfor respectively blocking or enabling passage of current over said inputwindings, means for disposing the respective rectiier means in serieswith input windings cooperating therewith, said rectifier means beingpoled so that current can pass therethrough in the absence of blockingvoltage extended to the terminal means thereof which faces away from therespective input winding.

4. A linking circuit according to claim 3, comprising output windingmeans for delivering output pulses signifying a resultant signal, saidoutput winding means being wound in a sense of direction and beingprovided with rectifier means connected thereto, so as to etect deliverythereover of output pulses only in accordance with the desired linkingfunction.

5. A linking circuit according to claim 4, comprising output windingmeans serving for the delivery of an impulse representing the resultantsignal, wherein no output impulse for the resultant signal is to bedelivered when n-signals are extended to said circuit of which m-signalshave a predetermined identical value, comprising means for distributingthe readout impulse to a plurality of similar input windings which arewound in identical sense of direction, means for extending to said inputwindings the signals Which are to be evaluated, an input comparisonwinding which is wound in a sense of direction opposite to that of inputwindings, means for likewise extending said readout impulse to saidinput comparison winding, said input comparison Winding producing amagnetic flux in the core which is m-times the flux produced by any ofsaid input windings, whereby an impulse for the resultant signal isdelivered by said output winding means only when more or fewer thanm-signals extended to said circuit are identical signals.

6. A linking circuit according to claim 4, comprising gate circuit meanscooperatively related to the input windings to which the readout impulseis distributed, and means for extending to said gate circuit the binarysignals which yare to be linked.

7. A linking circuit according to claim 6, wherein said gate circuitsare constructed of rectiers.

8. A linking circuit according to claim 7, comprising resistor means fordetermining the current strength in said input windings, and circuitmeans for functionally combining said resistor means with `said gatecircuits.

9. An arrangement according to claim 4, comprising, for the forming of acomparison device for plural-place binary numbers, a plurality oflinking circuits each having a pair of input windings wound in oppositesense of direction and a pair of output windings likewise Wound inopposite sense of direction, means for extending the readout pulsesymmetrically to the input windings of each respective pair of inputwindings, rectiiiers cooperatively related to the output windings ofeach respective pair of output windings, means for conducting thesignals allotted to mutually corresponding places of the binary numbersalways to the identical linking circuit, whereby the delivery, by saidlinking circuits, of an output pulse `as a resultant signal isresponsive to the readout impulse extended thereto, omitted only Whenthe binary numbers which are to be compared are identinal.

10. An arrangement according to claim 1, comprising an inversion circuitcooperatively connected With-the output winding means over which theresultant signal is delivered.

11. A11 arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the respectivewindings have the identical number of turns and are in given casestraversed by current of identical magnitude.

12. An arrangement according to claim l, comprising an auxiliary windingfor said repeater, ampliiier means having a control electrode and beingdisposed in feedback with the output winding over said auxiliarywinding, whereby the output impulse delivered by said output winding isextended to provide a gain for `said control electrode.

13. An arrangement according to claim 12, comprising a transistorcircuited in emitter circuit and constituting said amplier means.

No references cited.

1. A LINKING CIRCUIT WITH AMPLIFYING PROPERTY, FOR CARRYING OUT LINKINGFUNCTIONS BETWEEN TWO OR MORE BINARY SIGNALS TO EFFECT DELIVERY OF ABINARY RESULTANT SIGNAL, INCLUDING A REPEATER HAVING A CORE AND APLURALITY OF WINDINGS COOPERATIVELY DISPOSED WITH RESPECT THERETO, SAIDREPEATER REQUIRING, FOR CARRYING OUT A LINKING FUNCTION, TRIGGERINGMERELY WITHIN THE LINEAR PART OF THE MAGNETIZING CURVE OF THE COREMATERIAL THEREOF, COMPRISING MEANS FOR CONDUCTING TO THE LINKING CIRCUITA READOUT IMPULSE WHICH SUPPLIES THE POWER FOR THE RESULTANT SIGNALSIGNIFYING THE LINKING RESULT, SAID RESULTANT SIGNAL BEING REPRESENTEDRESPECTIVELY BY THE APPEARANCE OR BY THE ABSENCE OF AN OUTPUT PULSE,MEANS FOR DISTRIBUTING SAID READOUT IMPULSE OVER A PLURALITY OF INPUTWINDINGS OF THE REPEATER, THE SENSE OF DIRECTION OF WINDING AND THENUMBER OF TURNS OF THE RESPECTIVE INPUT WINDINGS BEING SELECTED INACCORDANCE WITH THE DESIRED LINKING FUNCTION, MEANS FOR RESPECTIVELYBLOCKING OR ENABLING PASSAGE OF CURRENT OVER PREDETERMINED INPUTWINDINGS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE BINARY VALUE OF THE SIGNALS WHICH ARE TOBE LINKED, SO AS TO PRODUCE IN A GIVEN CASE, DEPENDING UPON THE BINARYVALUE OF THE SIGNALS CONDUCTED TO THE LINKING CIRCUIT, IN AT LEAST ONEOUTPUT WINDING AN OUTPUT PULSE FORMING THE RESULTANT SIGNAL.